I am in the process of convering several designs for SMD parts for our=20 new P&P machine when It comes in. For input protection in the past, I've been using either 1n5819 schottky=20 diodes or SP721A SCR/diode arrays for ESD protection - usually with a=20 330 ohm series diode, and then these diodes to the rail. This has=20 served me remarkably well, but I'd like to reevaluate this with the=20 change to SMD. It appears I need to select a Vf of my protection diodes, of something=20 less than 0.3V. Interestingly enough, the 1n5819's I have been using=20 are higher than that - 600mv or higher - and the SP721's are even=20 worse. Which makes me think that maybe they haven't been serving me=20 that well. On the other hand, I'm not exactly sure where one would find=20 such a low Vf in a diode.... I also need to be able to clamp the Vdd of the ciruit to no more than=20 3.6V, since I do occasionally have situtions where clamp currents will=20 raise the Vdd above 3.6V, causing permanent issues. On the other hand,=20 my voltage regulator's maximum output voltage is as high as 3.465V, so=20 really I have to clamp between that and 3.6V, which is pretty tight. =20 And all the 'standard' clamp-type devices (esd suppression diodes,=20 zeners, etc) aren't that tight. I could clamp the inputs using a 3V0 or 3V3 'zener-like' device, aka a=20 surge suppression diode, but that isn't nearly as useful on outputs that=20 also need to be protected from raises, and has a possible 'vdd' voltage=20 range of more than 0.3V - that is, my regulator is rated from 3.135 to=20 3.465V, across the operating range. Is there another quick and easy method I'm missing? Or are there=20 components I'm missing that would work better? I know I've asked=20 similar questions in the past, but just haven't come up with a good=20 answer yet... Ideas? -forrest --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .