>> I know for sure .... > Famous last words. That was also my immediate thought. However, if pack lower limit is set at 4.4V and one cell is at zero Volt then others needs to be at an average of 4.4/3 =3D~ 1.47 V =3D fully charged. ie with 3 x very fully charge cells fresh off the charger and one with totally zero output it is possible to JUST drive the 4th cell into reverse bias. In real; world situations with say even 3 x 1.3 V/cell the 4 th cell needs to be at 4.4 V - 3 x 1.3 V =3D 0.5V. This is not a healthy voltage to run a cell down to, but reverse biasing during discharge would be rather hard to manage. Add more cells and it gets easier do reverse bias a cell. R .. --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .