I'd say ARPA gets a lot of the early blame, but that may be unduly US-centric. Sir Tim's proposal certainly pointed the way. U of Hawaii had an "intranet" of sorts in the early 80s, for those with modems & moderate expertise... The first time I got into the wider world was 1989, courtesy San Diego State - IIRC the most exciting stuff going were all the files on Monash U's server! --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .