RussellMc wrote: > 4. Deciding whether efficiency can be > 100% requires you to define > efficiency in advance. > Heat pumps can in fact deliver a net gain in available energy wrt > energy in. This is NOT simply a "steal it from somewhere else and its > zero sum all round" - it's a real gain - BUT does not break the laws > of physics (as ye canna). It works by piling spare heat energy on top > of existing heat energy rather than creating it from another form of > energy, as is normally done. This is correct but to clarify for others, the reason the "free" heat isn't really a violation of physics is because the same gain you got to make the heat cheaply works backwards if you then want to convert that heat to any other form of energy. ******************************************************************** Embed Inc, Littleton Massachusetts, http://www.embedinc.com/products (978) 742-9014. Gold level PIC consultants since 2000. --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .