Being self-taught for what it's worth, I really enjoy looking at other's sc= hematics and PCB designs and trying to understand why things are done the w= ay the are. Amongst many things, there are two common designs I see that I= don't understand: Parallel caps: one schematic I recently saw placed eight 1uf caps togethe= r. All tied to +V and GND and nothing else in their own separate block on = the schematic. Couldn't this be replaced with a single 8uf cap? Other cap= s can be found throughout the design that simply connect between +V and GND= .. Why no replace them all with a single cap of the sum value? Same design= has a 1uf and .1uf cap in parallel in other places but not necessarily dir= ectly between +V and GND. Replace with 1.1uf to reduce parts count? Another thing I see commonly, are GND vias sprinkled all over the PCB. Any= rhyme or reason for this? Thanks, Nate=20 --=20 http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist .