> why a lot of old equiment are positive ground? > > Hand held radios, etc.. etc.. I've definitely seen them with my young eyes, as > my memory recalls me now. > > I may be completely off, but my guess is that in the old times PNP transistors > were easier to source than NPN ones, perhaps due to Germanium used? Wild guess, > now do not attack me on my throat please. :o 1. It's probably a 50/50 choice initially. Electrolytic protection arguably favors -ve ground. Space Shuttle commander and airline captains sit in the left seat. It took me a few decades to realise that that was because in the US cars are "left hand drive". 2. You definitely won't found out here:-) Worth watching (almost :-) ). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GRm_35rHlo&feature=PlayList&p=034D577688532234&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=11 But you'll probably learn something about related subjects, and have some fun along the way. To spoil it, I'm told this is a Dave Barry text which has been "drolled up" as it were. Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist