About light bulbs. 1 the filament of a light bulb can be turned on to whatever desired level within almost arbitrarily fast time if one uses either a carefully profiled voltage pulse or an active photo feedback circuit. Of course, you can't turn it off fast this way. 2 It doesn't matter for the subject at hand because the wavelengths that most pir detectors use are blocked by the light bulb glass. So you need the glass envelope to heat up at "speed" A loop of thin wire in air can be heated up rapidly and will cool fairly fast. -- Looking forward, Al Shinn -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist