> Looking at smps + synchronous will quickly show you that the term > "synchronous rectifiier" is pertinent. Speaking of synchronous rectifiers, they've been around for a LONG time. In the 1950s, some vacuum tube car radios used synchronous rectifiers. They used a "vibrator" to chop the car battery DC to AC. Another set of contacts on the vibrator were connected to the secondary of the high voltage transformer to select which end of the winding to use. The secondary was switched in sync with the current in the primary. Harold -- FCC Rules Updated Daily at http://www.hallikainen.com - Advertising opportunities available! -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist