>> put out 22V on a sunny day > It's not really all that bad for charging a lead acid battery I'm a little thrown off balance there. My understanding was that the sequence is constant current, constant voltage and then float I appreciate this panel is not a high-tech charger, but surely there must be some risk of gassing and/or ruining a battery with excess voltage ? Although I note your "As long as the battery is sized big enough so that it can handle the maximum current even when full" Still seems unwise to me, 22V and a 6V battery -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist