Olin Lathrop wrote: > yamanoor sairam wrote: >> However, I tried to understand the concept of offset voltage in an >> opamp from the link below: > > First you have to understand how a ideal opamp works. It takes the > voltage on the + input minus the voltage on the - input, then > multiplies that by a large number (the gain). Often you consider the > gain of a ideal opamp to be infinite. You get useful linear results > with this by using feedback. Rather than working with the mental image of an infinite gain, I found it quite useful in my early days to think of the opamp as a device that sets its output so that both inputs are equal. This image has its limitations, but it works well for circuits that don't run into saturation and are mostly DC. It helped me a great deal understanding the different circuits. (This still works when adding offset voltage and current.) Gerhard -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist