The Brazilians were ahead of them by about 80 years. During "The Great Depression" [tm] when coffee prices plummeted they took to using coffee beans pressed into 'briquettes' as locomotive fuel. http://blog.modernmechanix.com/2007/01/16/use-coffee-as-fuel-in-brazil-locomotives/ No pre-gasification - just burned directly :-). And milk powder ! (1938, USA)(demonstration) http://blog.modernmechanix.com/2006/12/07/locomotive-tries-milk-fuel/ Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist