> How does it "move" charges up and down the antenna if there isn't a > closed circuit? If you insist on thinking about it in terms of circuits, free space constitutes ~ 75 Ohm path to "ground", in the "RF" spectrum. Experts, feel free to substitute your favored impedance. best regards, Jack -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist