Spehro Pefhany wrote: >> > Sheesh. >> > >> > How can that work? >> >>The reverse B-E junction produces light, which illuminates the B-C >>junction which acts like a photocell. >> >>I've tried it on TO-18 case transistors with the metal case cut open, >>and you can see the light! > > Forgot to mention, you should probably toss the transistor after trying > this, because zener-ing the B-E junction tends to degrade beta, > more-or-less permanently. Fifteen or so years ago I saw a schematic of a "solar" radio which was powered by a power transistor w/ the lid sawed off. This is one thing I love about the PICList. They don't teach this stuff at school, and I didn't even think about the oscillator to -ve trick, or the opto trick. :) Re: original question.. years ago Russell suggested splitting grounds using a Schottky. You use the "Schottky" ground as your "normal" tround, and the "normal" ground (now with a negative offset) for your opamp. Vitaliy -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist