Here's an example using PWM, coded in Swordfish Basic. It shows the circuit and results: http://digital-diy.com/swordfish/73-swordfish-tutorial-digital-to-analogue-conversion-dac-via-pwm.html Here is a reference to an EDN Design Note using resistor ladders. This design is great because it only uses 6 values of resistors and can be 4 bits, 8 bits, 12 bits, etc. http://digital-diy.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=382 -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist