Dwayne Reid planet.eon.net> writes: > I was astonished to see written: > > "Yes, you are missing that you are not allowed to > solder perpendicular surfaces. A piece of wire > could be bent to make a surfaces parallel to PCB; > component leads can't (at least on the component's side)." Some work standards specify that all leads must be bent against the board before soldering. This prevents parts from falling out in the wave soldering system and also prevents parts from falling out later if some failure causes overheating under vibration. The standards are likely military or high endurance related and no-one uses them in consumer equipment, unless absolutely necessary. Reworking such boards is a pain. Preformed component leads can be made to touch the PCB horizontally before making a 90 degree turn and entering the hole in the PCB. Then the lead can be bent again to prevent falling out, or not. Preformed leads of this type are obligatory for parts which must stand off from the PCB, such as power resistors and LEDs, unless spacers are used. Lead pre-formers are cheap and available, and should be used if needed ... -- Peter -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist