> visual perception I dunno. Isn't the usual manifestation that multiplexed and/or charlieplexed LED displays don't seem nearly as dim as they ought to be, given their actual on-time. I've seen 3 or 4 digit displays and done 20-led dot-matricies that light one segment or LED at a time, and they certainly don't look ~1/20th the of the "normal rated current" brightness of the individual LEDs... BillW -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist