My problem is simple: given a certain LED spec, how far will that LED be visible without any other relevant obstacles (fog, pollution, etc) or obfuscations (think dark night). Assume the LED is being observed at its most bright angle. Does it depend solely on its brightness? I know our eyes have a certain resolution limitation and a regular dot the size of a LED would surely not be visible at great distances (1-3 miles for example), but I'm not sure the same principle applies if the dot irradiates light. I'm designing a sign to be visible from an airplane that could be anywhere from 5000 to 15000 ft. The idea is to make an array of LED's, but I wanted to make some calculations before actually doing any trial and error. Disregarding proportions, the array would look like this, where LED columns would be 1 meter apart and rows about 3 inches from each other: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheers! Padu -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist