The tip wire is weakened where it is bent and has higher resistance/length unit in that area, plus thermal runaway due to the positive temperature coefficient of copper and other alloys used for this. A special purpose tip made of stainless steel works even better (stainless has very low termal conductivity compared to other metals). All this is well known in industry and is actually a bit of a problem when the electrode is not supposed to heat up too much (example: spot welding electrodes). Peter -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist