These are interesting products, and I'm always amazed at how low cost a consumer product can be. I think these typically have a flyback converter that converts the 12VDC to +/-170VDC. They then have an H-bridge that switches the +/-170VDC out at 60Hz. A rectangular waveform is used with the duty cycle set so the RMS is 120VAC and the peak voltage is 170V. Doing all that for $17 is quite a trick! Harold -- FCC Rules Updated Daily at http://www.hallikainen.com - Advertising opportunities available! -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist