In a lesson I want to explain asynch serial data format and RS232 signal levels. AFAIK the RS232 signal levels predate the 5V TTL levels (correct)? The TTL-RS232 level converters/shifters are all inverting. Does anyone know why? Because inverting drivers are slightly easier to build? Or were the asynch-on-TTL levels chosen first, and as a consequence the drivers had to be inverters? -- Wouter van Ooijen -- ------------------------------------------- Van Ooijen Technische Informatica: www.voti.nl consultancy, development, PICmicro products docent Hogeschool van Utrecht: www.voti.nl/hvu -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist