Sean Breheny wrote: > Olin, also don't forget that bouncing causes higher peak force than a > simple acceleration to a stop. No, it doesn't. I'm sure the card bounces some, but it still has to come to a stop before reversing direction and going back up. With perfectly elastic materials, the decelleration and subsequent bouncing accelleration profiles are symmetric. With real materials, some energy will always be absorbed in the compression of the materials during the decelleration phase. This energy won't be released during the bounce accelleration phase, making that accelleration less than the initial decelleration. After all, the card won't bounce to anywhere near the original 10 feet, so obviously a good chunk of the energy is absorbed by the material as it initially deforms. If you think the accelleration due to bounce is higher than the initial decelleration to zero, then you have think the material springs back more quickly than it got initially compressed. That's not likely, and any inelasticity will actually make it go the other way and dissipate energy too. Resonance could lead to higher accellerations, but that has little to do with bouncing. ******************************************************************** Embed Inc, Littleton Massachusetts, http://www.embedinc.com/products (978) 742-9014. Gold level PIC consultants since 2000. -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist