In Hong Kong. Know nothing formal about concrete. Choose any two. Email letter should happen sometime for those 'subscribed'- too busy so far. Having our fares all cancelled one day out and having to rebook whole trip helped increase the fun level. Anon. Snippets - worth what you paid for them Accuracy variable.YMMV. CO2 increases concrete strength by converting it back to the Calcium Carbonate it started out as. Airborne CO2 does this over decades. Romans made stuff from burned limestone that wasn't concrete. Some structures made with this still remain. The great discovery was that adding fly-ash made a vast difference to the properties. Many Roman structures were concrete with brick being added as facings for cosmetic appearance. Much of the Colosseum is concrete. Roman bricks have an aspect ratio that offends my sense of how a brick should look. Much longer and thinner than the current norm. WW2 concrete structures will now be around 60-70 years old. Those remaining here seem very solid but with surface degradation. Load bearing structures no doubt a different matter. We have a large road viaduct that carries the busiest section of the NZ highway system across a city shopping area. Mayhaps 40-50 years old. It's mechanically worn out and due for replacement. Looks fine to the uninitiated eye. Concrete has about zero tensile strength. Pull on the cement glue that holds all the rocks and sand to eac other and it crumbles. Push on it and you force the parts together iup to a limit. SO concrete in tension can be thought of as a means of resisting the tension of the reinforcing material which does the actual structural work. Carl and others expert may now tear this apart :-). Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist