David, do you think this tube is being driven conservatively ? If it's the U6531 at this page http://www.taytron.com/fttypeu.html then it appears to have a 60Ws (joule) rating. The 10uF of the circuit would be about 0.5J. Camera flash schematics I've seen, at eg http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/strbfaq.htm show anything from 250uF (12J) upwards, and 30Ws is what I've read quoted for basic in-built camera flashes Here's a quick comparison test, just to get some idea of the light output http://home.clear.net.nz/pages/joecolquitt/flash_compare.html Although the analyser traces indicate 10s of ms for the flash I'm sure that's because the phototransistor is not being turned off quickly enough http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenon_flash_lamp There certainly are some intricacies to protect the tube and capacitor -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist