>"Totem pole" and "push-pull" both mean the same thing. Not historically. I am with Olin on this one, but see below ... Push-pull output has historically been used for valve and transistor amplifiers that have an output transformer with centre tapped primary, each half driven alternatively in a Class B configuration. This was the configuration of output stage that every 6 transistor pocket radio from the 50s through the 70s used. Totem pole has historically been the term used for the likes of TTL logic output stages. These devices never used the term push-pull in their descriptions from the manufacturer. Possibly there has been some confusion arise through the use of push-pull for transformerless transistor output stages in audio amplifiers, which although of a totem pole style circuit configuration, used the term push-pull. So from this one ends up using push-pull for linear use, and totem pole for digital use ... -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist