> You are right, the word "cathode" isn't important here, I find it important. In writing circuit descriptions it is ESSENTIAL to have a word to describe each side of a diode. Because many people don't know which is what you still have to define it at the start of your decription. BUT once defined you can use it freely and they can refer to the definition. Without this ability you either have to make an arbitrary name or avoid using the name at all. The latter can be done but is awkward. Use some or all or none of: Diode: The arrow on the diode symbol points from Anode to Cathode. This is also the direction of "conventional current flow" through the diode, from positive to negative. Arrow head side is Anode or 'positive side". Line side = Cathode or "negative side". Current flows from anode to cathode when the anode is more posito\ive than the cathode. Current flow is blocked when the cathode is more positive than the anode. The abbreviation "A" is sometimes used for the Anode. The abbrc\viations "C" or "K" are sometimes used for the Cathode. Anode = anode = Anode Cathode = cathode = Cathode. E&OE :-) Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist