I've gotten used to the types of busses such as I2C and SPI and parallel where you have one or more data lines, an optional chip select line AND A CLOCK LINE. It's so easy to understand - you set the bit and strobe the clock. The underlying hardware electronics was also so simple that I was even able to make my own very simple SPI device. I like to believe that these types of busses are simple, compact, very stable, fast, and efficient and more immune to errors. However, the other types of busses which don't use a clock line are the ones that confuse me. For example, I have no idea how UART (although I use it all the time), USB and 1-wire work. I would really like to know how these busses work on the signaling level but I can't find much information. If anyone would please enlighten me on the topic or provide some links, I would very much appreciate it. -- solarwind -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist