Harold Hallikainen wrote: > The PDP-8 was an interesting machine. It did not have a stack. When you > did a subroutine call, the return address was put in the first location > in the subroutine. Execution would start at the next address. That was quite common for machines of that era. Most of the contemporaries of the PDP-8 worked the same way, such as the DG Nova, the Varian 620, a small Honeywell I forget the name of, etc. Hardware stacks became popular in minicomputers (microcontrollers in rack mount boxes for you young-uns) only later. Note that even the IBM 360 architecture wasn't really based on a hardware stack. The common subroutine call instruction was BALR (branch and link register). The return address was stuffed in a register. At least that allowed recursion if the register was handled correctly. ******************************************************************** Embed Inc, Littleton Massachusetts, http://www.embedinc.com/products (978) 742-9014. Gold level PIC consultants since 2000. -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist