NXP have produced the SSL2101 can be directly connected to rectified mains power. As the actual chips Vcc range is 8.5 - 40V, I'm sure this should have other uses as it is really nothing but a fancy SMPS. http://www.nxp.com/acrobat_download/datasheets/SSL2101_1.pdf -- cdb, 13/03/2009 -- colin@btech-online.co.uk -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist