Let's say  I have a voltage source at 10 V lighting up an LED. At this
voltage, the LED has a brightness factor of 100.

Now let's say that I use PWM at 50% duty cycle at 10 V lighting the
same LED. Let's say that humans will now perceive the LED to have a
brightness factor of 50.

1. If I put a very sensitive light intensity sensor and measure the
peak intensity, will it be 100 or only 50 while using the PWM signal?
2. People say that PWM "averages" the voltages out depending on the
duty cycle. But if I have a semiconductor rated at a maximum of 6 V
and I use a 10 V source with PWM to average it out to 5 V, will the
semiconductor blow? How does the voltage "averaging" work exactly?

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solarwind
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