>> Unless the languages forces functions to be pure [...] > > What do you mean by "pure function"? And which languages enforce such a > thing? > A pure function is one which has no side effects, and which, for any particular set of argument values always returns the same value (ie: is deterministic). Some functions in Microsoft's T-SQL language are enforced as pure. Bob Ammerman RAm Systems -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist