On Sep 22, 2008, at 6:17 PM, Jinx wrote: > if it helps, the circuit attached is stable, to about 2%, over the > Vcc range of the IC, say 3V to 15V. Certainly not ALL "astable multivibrators" are voltage-independent. For instance, the internally generated clock on an Atmel ATtiny11 is quite dramatically (and IIRC rather linearly) dependent on supply voltage. BillW -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist