> John, if it helps, the circuit attached is stable, to about 2%, over the > Vcc > range of the IC, say 3V to 15V. FWIW ...HC... CMOS parts are rated down to a 2 Volt Vdd which makes them useful for use with as few as 2 cells (Alkaline, NiCd, NimH, ...) Note that the circuit that Joe showed is not unconditionally unstable - it has a stable-off mode where if it doesn't start it won't run. This seldom happens in practice, but if you really really care there is a well known 3 gate version that always starts. Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist