>That's a much better explanation; thanks. Each LED has >its own current-limiting resistor, but the primary reason >they're in parallel rather than series is because the >number isn't necessarily constant: there will be from 1 >to 10 LEDs in each of the three circuits. Some number >may be removed, or may not, and the three circuits may >not have the same number of LEDs. Ah, so you didn't give Olin the complete picture - should you really dis him so badly? Running LEDs in parallel is generally a bad idea - without a resistor for each one - so his comment on your design shows what he is continuously on about - incomplete design information means one cannot design to a spec. -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist