> So are you saying that Vref does not need to be stable as I thought? No, quite the opposite (if I'm correct in my thinking). Vref source impedance would appear to me to be as important a factor as any other for a good result. Note that its specified impedance is only 250 ohms, vs 2k5 or 5k for the analogue input souce impedance What I often do is jack up a 78L05 to 5.12V and use that for both Vcc and Vref. Output Z of a 78L05 is around 0.2 ohms. I have no figures to suggest it rises appreciably when jacked up. I have no figures to suggest it doesn't either, but its current-sourcing capability is similar, if not the same, as a straight regulator -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist