Too much good stuff in all these posts. No time to start to wade into most of it. Let's just address a small aspect: > What sustainable source of energy is going to be used to > produce the > hydrogen? That's not the key issue. The reason that Hydrogen is suggested is that SOME energy carrier is needed to turn non-portable energy into portable energy sustainably. Hydrogen is not good at this. Any other alternative that I am aware of is worse. Any such system is called " a battery". We just don't think of Hydroben in those terms, yet. Hydrogen energy storage and recovery is arguably the best battery we know of, all things considered. Bob said it's stupid. He's correct. But all other batteries are more stupid. Which doesn't stop people using them. > I'd rather use electrical energy to charge batteries than > waste half the > energy producing hydrogen. i Energy conversion to Hydrogen need not wate 50% of the energy. That continued claim is an unjustified assumption (so far in this discussion) whose basis needs documenting. ii What energy conversion efficincy is claimed for what sort of batteries that is superior to Hydrogen conversion overall? iii What is the cost and ebergy mass and volumetric densities for these other batteries. Perhaps use LiIon or NimH as examples as they are the leading on market contendors. Or Vanadium redox as an in the wings waiter. > I don't advocate doing nothing, it's just that hydrogen > isn't going to be a > solution. I also don't look for solutions to be only > technical, there is > going to be a societal aspect as well regarding > transportation, urban > planning, etc. Apart from using up all the oil as we become more desperate and can justify the cost of doing so, have you got any other suggestion for a portable sustainable energy storage medium that will work acceptably? So far I am not aware of any "sensible" suggestion that replaces petroleum that has performance and cost that people are liable to find acceptable for everyday use. Hydrogen is the pits. Everything else seems worse. I'd be genuinely pleased to hear of alternatives. Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist