> while driving a motor with PWM, many say to set the freq > above the audible > hearing range, but in many cases isnt the motor loud > enough that it covers > the harmonics created by the PWM drive? For some values of "many". You can definitely have motors "sing" extremely audibly with PWM. This may not be a problem, depending on your application. In a few applications it may even be an advantage if it adds techo-appeal to your product. Fairly niche target audience* though :-). * In this case, unlike many where the word is misused, AUDience is entirely correct. Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist