> :: Corollary 4: The greater the flexibility in designs, > :: definitions, outcomes, and analytical modes in a > scientific > :: field, the less likely the research findings are to be > true. > ...If you accept that there is no such thing as absolute > certainty, (Heidelberg was it?) If you pressed me, I'd say no. But who can tell for sure? I think the point he is making is that increased freedoms in asking the actual question leads to a greater chance that the answers are wrong. ie where the method of study and the definitions and accepted results that define success and failure are tightly constrained the answers are more likely to be correct than when the opposite is the case and each researcher is free to establish their own guidelines. In one of the other papers I cited (one of the two wannabees I think) someone suggests that society accepts being fed incorrect results if the subject is important enough (or was that unimportant enough?). AFAIR it was 'important enough' which seems the opposite of what I'd expect. In skimming I may have missed his point. Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist