>> So now we've got 3 terminal zener diodes to add to the >> managerie of odd >> components, along with the positive electrons, negative >> resistors, and NPN >> and PNP FETs? Interestingly if not surprisingly, that's the symbol that TI use for this product in this data sheet - page 10. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl431a.pdf This brought the TL432 to my notice - I hadn't been a ware of it before. it appears to be a mechanically mirrored version of the TL431 (!). Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist