>> If you use PWM to drive the LEDs you may not need current- >> limiting resistors. Adjust the duty cycle to suit the supply voltage > Does this presume the power supply is current limited ? It IS current-limited. (a) small batteries (b) two semis to get current through and (c) heat dissipation in the LEDs can be calculated > What if the supply is not current limited ? Then you do it another way or limit incoming current. The insistence seems to be for batteries > Do the traces provide enough resistance ? Or is there enough > inductance to limit current ? Expecting resistance from traces is futile. AFAIK there is no useable inductance on the LED side, but you'd probably not want to be wastefully filtering carefully-generated PWM with inductance known to be in the way -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist