> The colour code system for resistors is out-dated. It has no> merit whatsoever today in 2008. It's a relic of human insensitivity my $0.02 on this from a service technicians point of view is that SMD is leading us at an accelerating rate further into the disposable society. I really don't have anything against SMD parts, there are plenty of merits, but introduce a case where a piece of equipment that is only a few years old, fails and stops working. upon inspection two or three SMD resistors and maybe a Dpak device have volcanic holes in them. Unless you have original circuit schematic (not always the case in the repair industry) then you're out of luck, unless the circuit is easy to reverse engineer (factor in economies of scale). When thru-hole components were more common, if something let the smoke out then generally there was enough left to ID the part by colour, value or number, then find and fit new parts. An observation of most consumer equipment currently puts the average lifespan of said equipment at less than 5 years. and at this rate in another 5 years, expected equipment lifespan will be under 3 years. I'm currently maintaining equipment that was produced in 1994, manufacturer support stopped in 1998, but the owner(s) expect to continue usage indefinitely (realistically probably at least another 5 years). Andrew -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist