>> You really want an energy source other than auxiliary >> battery for the heat if engine heat is not available. An interesting things I noticed about my Prius this winter is that it pays a noticeable penalty in efficiency when it keeps that gas motor running to heat the cabin. More so than running the AC in the summer (this is NorCal, so winters aren't THAT cold, and summers aren't THAT hot...) BillW -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist