>> You could use heated air from the manifold when the >> engine is running to >> the save energy otherwise used to heat the air while the >> engine is running. > Unfortunately when it's cold it can take a surprising > amount of time for > an idling engine to get anywhere near warm enough to put a > dent on > defrosting a windsheild. Trust me, I know, it was -25C > (about -13F) last > night here... >From startup, how long can you hold your hand on the top of the exhaust pipe where it leaves the manifold? (We'll let you not place it there until the pipe rises above 0 C to save you some skin, but count those seconds into the period. Hand off (new meaning to the term) occurs around 55C - 60C unless you have asbestos hands. Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist