Yesterday an engineer showed me a strange thing. It is an isolated DC input I/O with relay output. The isolation specification is low. So every input is going through an opto-coupler and the circuits are quite simple. Strange thing is that there is a long trace underneath all the optos and it is connecting to the common shield connection. Apparently this is not for safety reasons as it actually reduce clearance/creepage distance (still enough). So I can only guess it is for EMI reasons. Any clue? Regards, Xiaofan -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist