Passports, on the other hand, have got more expensive to cover the cost of adding an RF-readable chip which has the information on the identification page stored electronically (including the photo, I believe). All part of modern life! :-) In order to make them more insecure when attacked by those who know what they are doing :-(. Also, to make the users subject to automatic remote identification by suitably equipped 3rd parties, who may use the information for whatever means they see fit. 'People' have already trigger a demonstration explosive device when an appropriate RFID'd passport came within range. Obviously this was possible and the actual demonstration is just a stunt to emphasise the point for those who may be less impressed by non-physical proofs of concept. The risk of this sort of use could, of course, be reduced by coding the system appropriately. But, it could never be eliminated. When you broadcast or potentially broadcast information it becomes available for exploit. Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist