> Is there a rule of thumb or a formula for calculating the number of > twists/inch, depending on the data rate, length of the cable, etc? Last bit 1st. I just saw who was asking this. I wasn't trying to be smart or unhelpful - I think this is a reasonably good answer. I know that some of my answers may feel more confrontational or whimsical than apposite. I'll try a bit harder not to make it so :-) ______________ I believe that cable impedance and loss is the key issue. The twists per unit length are a means to an end in achieving this and to achieving rejection of induced unbalanced signals. ie I suspect it's safe to a first approximation to assume that the cable maker have done their job in meeting an agreed specification and this leaves you free to look at the necessarily interacting factors of loss, impedance, resistance, capacitance and inductance per unit length etc. Only if you have a super critical application should you need to look beyond the spec to specific implementations. ie Properly terminated cable meeting a standard will have specified performance limits across the required frequency range and it's just a matter of using a provided table or plugging in standard formulae. All that said you can single at 300 baud with a 5v monopolar signal across something close to wet string over almost any distance :-). Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist