Jinx clear.net.nz> writes: > Ah, I'm with you now. If Carl's 660 is pk-pk then the resistor makes > 2.33W for both 1/2 cycles. Diode (1N4007 ?) in series would drop > that to 1.17W. You'd save $ with lower wattage resistors at least If you use a series diode with a LED for higher voltage you need to put a capacitor in parallel with the LED or it will blow on the reverse half cycle. Try 10 nF, low voltage. The scheme that uses a cap to reduce the voltage is better. Peter P. -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist