> The resistor now has to dissipate power only half the time now, > with no effect on the LED Ah, I'm with you now. If Carl's 660 is pk-pk then the resistor makes 2.33W for both 1/2 cycles. Diode (1N4007 ?) in series would drop that to 1.17W. You'd save $ with lower wattage resistors at least (can't blame the summer sun for my dopiness - cabin fever ?) -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist