> "Not likely" means you never know. After all, magic space aliens > could show > up and tell us how. The probabilility of that happening would be > 0.000(lots > of zeros)0001%. See, not 0%. The following is, obviously, flippant, but far from pointless (IMHO :-) ). Fermi (THE Fermi) said essentially "Where are they? IF there are magic space aliens they are well well well overdue. If there is life anywhere else it should be essentially everywhere else and it should have visited us here and on a regular basis. One conclusion is that we are it or a product of it. Another is that there are no magic space aliens. However, if there are, then they could be here anytime soon and, unless there are significant factors which we are unaware of (which is certain to be the case) then they will be. Anytime soon is probably usefully measured in units of millions of years or thereabouts. Where something is usefully measured in units of a certain size, attempting to specify events etc in very small subdivisions of the useful unit usually doesn't make much sense. eg "Could I have two pieces of fish and $2.379845467 worth of chips please." So [ :-) ] Odds are the chances of magic space aliens arriving is in the range of 0.1 to 1, in this current million year quantum. If less than that, just increase the quantum unit by a factor of 100 and reiterate. If a quantum unit greater than the age of the universe is reached, conclude that there are NO magic space aliens. God knows what the real answer is. Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist