I'm seeking to find a formula which will allow me to very approximately establish the pneumatic resistance of smooth walled ducts at modest flow rates. I know Gargoyle knows but I can't convince it to tell me. I'm sure more than one of the people receiving this also know. This is essentially a HVAC application. Flow rates are in the few litres per second range. Temperatures are in the 0 - 30 C range. Wall material will ultimately be something smooth which may be a metal on some or all faces. If replying to this on a list I'd be obliged if you'd also copy any useful answer to me directly as list servers sometimes swallow responses for a while. regards Russell McMahon Use whatever email address you already have for me, or else use. CHANGE Q'S TO R'S --> quval@paqadise.net.nz <--- CHANGE Q'S TO R'S -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist