--0-592944559-1178182115=:96978 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit In continuation of this thread, I have hinted before that I have a clamp circuit that uses generic parts and works well. I have posted it before on this list (eliciting no reaction). It is hardly ground-breaking, and it works very well. It can be implemented in several variants, and a zero power version is possible (by adding a MOSFET like a 2N7000 in series with R1, controlled by a voltage monitor or by a microprocessor output). The clamp current is about 15 times the mirror current as seen in the waveform graphics from a transient simulation. The simulation data is obvious from the schematic. The enlarged waveform shows one transition, with clamp current ~ +/- 50mA (!) (red trace), and clamp voltages of Vdd+95mV and Vss-50mV, with no overshoots and no other troubles (like low 3dB corner caused by high R2 - R2 is only 100R here). Of course the circuit is no snake oil, and the quiescent consumption of 3.6 mA is high. Also, the second and other channels shown (CL2 etc) are an optimistical feature, since the bias circuit limits the total clamping capability. BUT by adding a better bias circuit, using a dual low power rail-to-rail opamp or similar, the quescent can be brought down well under 100uA and output capability increased significantly. One 'bug': The circuit will make it hard for the input to be pulled to 0V and Vdd, supplying current when the input is nearer than 100mV to either rail. Thus f.ex. ratiometric AD inputs cannot be pulled close to the rails (LSB/MSB cannot be attained) unless a very low output impedance sensor circuit is used. It is safe to assume that the 'zero' clamp interference input voltage area is Vdd+0.1V ... Vss=0.1V. comments are welcome (this circuit has been in use for aeons, I personally have used it for 18 years, in both the shown symmetrical version, and single-ended, with clamp to ground and other voltages as needed). Peter P. --------------------------------- Ahhh...imagining that irresistible "new car" smell? Check outnew cars at Yahoo! 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